Common name: Spotted wing drosophila
Scientific name: Drosophila suzukii
Order: Diptera
Affects: Cherries, strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, blackberries, figs, plums, apricots, peaches…
Main season: All year round
The Spotted wing drosophila is a vinegar (fruit) fly originating from South-East Asia which has invaded many countries in America, Asia and Europe. This species is included in the EPPO A2 List as recommended for inclusion amongst the plant quarantine species.
Unlike other vinegar flies that feed on rotten fruit,D. suzukii attacks the early fruit during its ripening stage. It mainly attacks red and soft summer fruits or fruits with reddish tones, such as: strawberries, cherries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, plums, peaches, nectarines, apricots and grapes amongst others.
This pest can produce several generations a year, depending on the climatology of the area. During the cold season, this pest usually spends it in the ground as a pupa. In mild climates it can produce up to 7 or 8 generations.
The Spotted wing drosophila is a small fly (2 mm to 3,5 mm). It is a slightly yellow or brown colour with dark bands on the abdomen and protruding red eyes. The males have a dark spot near the tip of each wing, which gives the species its common name. The larvae are white and cylindrical, growing to 3.5mm in length.
The life cycle of D. Suzukii varies a lot because it has a very long flight period with many generations, up to 13. In this way, the generations at the beginning of the year are renewed every few weeks and the end of the season can last up to 10 months in cold areas given that they go through winter in a pupal stage.
Adult male
© Judy Gallagher
Adult female
© Martin Hauser
Eggs
© EPPO – https://gd.eppo.int
Third instar larva
© G. Seijak
Pupae
© G. Seijak
The adults emerge from hibernation when the temperatures reach 10°C approximately. After copulation, the fertilised female goes in search of ripe fruit, inserting her serrated ovipositor to perforate the skin and deposit 1 to 3 eggs. Each female can lay eggs on many fruits, with a laying capacity of more than 350 eggs in her life cycle.
D. suzukii clays its eggs under the skin of ripe or ripening fruits, from which a larva is born. It grows inside the fruit and feeds on the pulp, causing the fruit to lose its turgor and take away its commercial value. The attacks made by this pest on fruit crops cause substantial economic loss when they are not controlled. In addition, the holes corresponding to where the eggs are laid favour secondary infections from pathogens, which contribute to increasing losses.
The area where hatching has taken place is visible on many fruits because of a small scar or “bite” on the skin of the fruit. After 1 or 2 days, the area around the “bite” smooths out and decreases creating an increasingly more visible stain. The depressions in the skin can sometimes exude fluids that cause infection through bacteria and fungi.
Depending on the condition of the fruit or the outside temperature, the larvae may pupate inside the fruit or fall to the ground for the winter.
Oviposition scar on a cherry
Depression in the skin due to oviposition
Oviposition scars and secondary damage
caused by sap beetles Nitidulidae
Secondary damage caused by fungus
Pupas de Drosophila suzukii inside a cherry
Photographs: © Martin Hauser
ECONEX SOLUTIONS OVERVIEW
ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII 60 DAYS
Food attractant diffuser for the attraction of both sexes of the species Drosophila suzukii, with a duration of 60 days in normal field conditions.
ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII 60 DAYS
Packaging, hanger and attractant diffuser.
Code: UIPHOVA297
OMDF register number (Ministry of Agriculture of Spain): 155/2017
The diffuser is individually packaged in an aluminium sachet with labelled specifications.
Once removed from the packaging, the diffuser needs no activation or opening, just placed correctly in the trap.
1 to 2 traps per hectare, should be placed at the same height as the crops. The traps should be active at least 2 weeks before the flight period of the insect and 2 weeks after the flight period.
An ECONEX RED CHROMATIC 40 X 25 CM or ECONEX DISPOSABLE RED TRIANGULAR trap and an ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII 60 DAYS attractant diffuser.
ECONEX DISPOSABLE RED TRIANGULAR
Code: UIPFETA253
ECONEX RED CHROMATIC 40 X 25 CM
Code: UIPFETA252
The ECONEX RED CHROMATIC 40 X 25 CM trap is an adhesive chromatic trap consisting of a red polyethylene sheet that is resistant to light, coated on both sides with a solvent-free contact adhesive and protected by two strips of silicone paper, to retain the insects. It has a hole in each corner so that installing the trap is easier.
Activation of the trap: take away the silicone paper that covers the adhesive and hang the diffuser from one of the holes on the trap, using the paperclip hanger provided. Do not place the metallic part in contact with the adhesive.
The ECONEX DISPOSABLE RED TRIANGULAR etrap is made of a red polyethylene sheet that is resistant to light. The inside is coated with a solvent-free contact adhesive and protected by a strip of silicone paper, to retain the insects. The trap comes with a paperclip hanger and has holes in the corners to be able to hang it. The trap is presented unfolded, with measurements of 40 x 23 cm. Once folded, it is a prism shape, measuring 12 x 23 x 13 cm.
Set-up and activation of the trap: fold the trap along the dotted lines, without inserting the upper tab; remove the silicone paper that covers the adhesive and place the attractant diffuser (on the non-metallic side) in the centre of the adhesive sheet, where it will remain fixed because of the glue. Insert the upper tab into the groove to fix the shape of the trap and place the hanger.
Both the ECONEX RED CHROMATIC 40 X 25 CM trap and the ECONEX DISPOSABLE RED TRIANGULAR trap stand out because they are easy to use and will remain operative until the attractant diffuser runs out or the adhesive surface has been saturated with insects.
The pest population, bordering crops, level of control required, etc.
One important factor is the size of the plot. In small and irregular plots, a greater number of traps is required than in larger and more uniform plots. Another important factor is the distance between plots that have Drosophila suzukii. In such cases, the plot borders must be reinforced and the number of traps per hectare increased.
The diffusers must be stored in their original packaging in a cool and dry place and separated from food and drinks.
To preserve the diffusers for long periods of time, it is recommended to keep them in the refrigerator at 4 o C in which case they will last for 2 years. Or they can be kept in the freezer at -20 o C for 4 years.
ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII LÍQUID
Liquid food attractant for the attraction of both sexes of Drosophila suzukii. It is used as bait inside the Drosophila suzukii. ECONEX BOTTLE TRAP DS traps.
They come in 250 cm³ bottles, with 190 ml of attractant.
Once the liquid attractant is in the trap, it has an approximate duration of 60 days in normal field conditions or until it shows signs of deterioration.
Install 50 to 100 traps per hectare.
On the borders of the plots, it will be necessary to place a barrier of traps separated 10 to 15 metres apart from each other.
Check the traps regularly to evaluate the condition of the attractant. If you observe signs of deterioration or the smell of putrefaction, remove it and wash the bottle with soap and water. Then dry the bottle, refill it with a new ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII LIQUID ATTRACTANT and install the trap again.
The traps must be active at least 2 weeks before the start of the target insect’s flight period and 2 weeks after.
An ECONEX BOTTLE TRAP DS (Code: UIPFETA268) and a bottle of ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII LIQUID ATTRACTANT (Code: UIPHOVA427).
ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII LÍQUID ATTRACTANT
Code: UIPHOVA427
OMDF register number (Ministry of Agriculture of Spain): 028/2020
ECONEX BOTTLE TRAP DS
Code: UIPFETA268
OMDF register number (Ministry of Agriculture of Spain): 059/2020
The ECONEX BOTTLE TRAP DS is a disposable trap in the form of a bottle with a 1 litre capacity.
The bottle is made of PET and has 4 diagonal holes with red polypropylene cone-shaped inserts. These inserts make it easier for the target insects to enter through chromotropic attraction, as well as their funnel shape. At the same time, the inserts stop the target insects from escaping.
The trap is used together with the ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII LIQUID ATTRACTANT to capture individuals of the species Drosophila suzukii.
The trap is provided with a wire hanger that is specifically designed to be able to hang it from a branch or from another type of support.
Recommended use: Fill the bottle of attractant with water up to the line indicated on the label.
Opening the bottle cap may release pressure and a slight foam could form when filling with water.
Open the red bottle cap of the ECONEX BOTTLE TRAP DS trap and pour the contents of the already diluted attractant bottle inside it. Then hang it on the sunny part of a tree branch or on an artificial support between 1,5 and 2 m high.
The pest population, bordering crops, level of control required, etc.
One important factor is the size of the plot. In small and irregular plots, a greater number of traps is required than in larger and more uniform plots.
Another important factor is the distance between plots that have Drosophila suzukii. In such cases, the plot borders must be reinforced. Therefore, a density of at least 20 traps per hectare or more may be required in the case of mass captures.
ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII 60 DAYS
Corrugated cardboard box of 240 units (24 packs of 10 units).
Box size: 0,60 x 0,40 x 0,35 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 22,50 kg.
No. of boxes per pallet: 20
Pallet size: 1,20 x 0,80 x 1,95 m (length x width x height).
Pallet weight: 460 kg.
Pack of 10 units.
Box of 240 units.
(24 packs of 10 units)
ECONEX DISPOSABLE RED TRIANGULAR
Corrugated cardboard box of 250 units .
Box size: 0,42 x 0,29 x 0,21 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 13,10 kg.
No. of boxes per pallet: 50
Pallet size: 1,10 x 1,00 x 1,25 m (length x width x height).
Pallet weight: 665 kg.
Box of 250 units.
ECONEX RED CHROMATIC 40 X 25 CM - 1 UNIT PACK.
Corrugated cardboard box of 250 units.
Box size: 0,42 x 0,29 x 0,21 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 16 kg.
No. of boxes per pallet: 50
Pallet size: 1,10 x 1,00 x 1,25 m (length x width x height).
Pallet weight: 810 kg.
Box of 250 units.
Packaging for ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII LIQUID ATTRACTANT
Corrugated cardboard box of 16 units.
Box size: 0,24 x 0,32 x 0,22 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 5,10 kg.
No. of boxes per pallet: 45
Pallet size: 1,20 x 0,80 x 1,24 m (length x width x height).
Pallet weight: 220 kg.
Box of 16 units.
ECONEX BOTTLE TRAP DS
Corrugated cardboard box of 35 units.
Box size: 0,60 x 0,42 x 0,27 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 210 kg.
No. of boxes per pallet: 28.
Pallet size: 1,20 x 0,80 x 2,05 m (length x width x height).
Pallet weight: 75 kg.
Box of 35 units.
ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII 60 DAYS
The leaflet can be downloaded in PDF format by clicking on the image.
ECONEX DROSOPHILA SUZUKII LIQUID
The leaflet can be downloaded in PDF format by clicking on the image.
ECONEX LEARNING CENTER
ECONEX puts at your disposal the first open knowledge center that brings together everything necessary to implement pest biocontrol in your crops. We have developed different types of resources to share with you the knowledge we have acquired during our more than 38 years of experience. Each of them is designed to respond, in the best possible way, to different questions related to pheromones, attractants, repellents and insect traps.
To access ECONEX LEARNING CENTER click on the image.
SANIDAD AGRÍCOLA ECONEX, S.L. only guarantees the composition, formulation and content of the products, taking responsibility for the direct, immediate and exclusive damages caused in the composition, formulation and content of the products sold. SANIDAD AGRÍCOLA ECONEX, S.L. will not be held responsible for damages produced by factors beyond the company’s control that have either totally or partially contributed. For instance, the weather conditions, usage or mixing with other products, amongst others. In addition, SANIDAD AGRÍCOLA ECONEX, S.L. will provide recommendations and information supported by extensive and meticulous research and tests; which must be taken into account by the customer when using the products. The customer will be responsible for any damage caused, in whole or in part, for the total or partial non-observance of the instructions provided. Furthermore, the customer will be responsible for all that is referred to as the performance of the products; which comes from total or partial non-observance of the instructions and information provided by the company.